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Official contest area dimensions

The official contest area is a 14.55m x 14.55m square, with a 9.1m x 9.1m square area in its center where 50 tatami mats are laid.

Contest area's outer perimeter

The contest area has an outer perimeter of 2.73m (1.5 ken) where tatami mats are laid.

The competition area shall be divide into tow(2) zone. The demarcation between these two (2) zones shall be called the danger zone and shall be indicated by a red area, approximately 1m wide, forming part of or attached to the contest area, parallel to the four (4) side of the competition area

Note:

 Basically there are two types of constriction techniques. Generally, strangle is considered to block the flow of blood while a choke will block the flow of air. Some people call these Blood Choke and Air Strangle to make it more apparent. However, due to the ambiguity between these two words, they are often used interchangeably.

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Kansetsu-waza Joint lock techniques

Ude-garami	Entanglement arm lock
Ude-hishigi-ashi-gatame	Arm hyperextension leg lock
Ude-hishigi-hara-gatame	Arm hyperextension stomach lock
Ude-hishigi-hiza-gatame	Arm hyperextension knee lock
Ude-hishigi-jūji-gatame	Arm hyperextension cross lock
Ude-hishigi-sankaku-gatame	Arm hyperextension triangular arm lock
Ude-hishigi-te-gatame	Arm hyperextension hand arm lock
Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame	Arm hyperextension arm lock
Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame	Arm hyperextension armpit lock
Ashi-garami	prohibitedLeg entanglement

Shime-waza - Strangling techniques

Gyaku-jūji-jime	Reverse cross strangle
Hadaka-jime	Naked/bare strangle
Kata-ha-jime	Single wing strangle
Kata-jūji-jime	Half cross handed strangle
Kata-te-jime	One handed strangle
Nami-jūji-jime	Normal cross strangle
Okuri-eri-jime	Sliding collar strangle
Ryō-te-jime	Two handed choke
Sankaku-jime	Triangular strangle
Sode-guruma-jime	Sleeve wheel strangle
Tsukkomi-jime	Thrusting strangle
Dō-jime	prohibitedTrunk strangle

Traditional resuscitation techniques include:

·         The direct massage of the carotid triangle on the neck to open up a collapsed artery or to manually stimulate the carotid sinus.

·         Methods of assisting the victim in waking up and focussing attention such as slapping the victim, striking the sole of the foot, or yelling.

·         Methods of inducing or simulating breathing through massage of the chest or diaphragm, expanding and contracting the lungs. Three such methods of Kodokan Judo are Sasoi Katsu, the inductive method, Eri Katsu, the lapel method, and So Katsu, the composite method.

OLD METHODS OF TRADITIONAL RESUSCITATION

There are many old methods of traditional resuscitation that can also assist the victim in recovery. If the outcome is less than desirable these interventions may not be defensible in U.S. courts. They have generally been replaced by CPR which is based on more modern medical knowledge. Among sports coaches and medical professionals in the U.S., CPR is commonly recognized as the appropriate response to a medical emergency. Nevertheless the traditional forms of resuscitation are considered advanced techniques of Judo and instructors may wish to study them to complete their training for historical purposes or for use in special circumstances.

Need of CPR in judo

Judo instructors should obtain CPR training and certification for use in case of a breathing or other emergency. Even without chokes Judo is a strenuous physical activity that carries some risks for which the instructor should be prepared. Try to awaken the patient with vocal or physical stimuli such as tapping or shouting. Check for breathing by putting your face close to the patient's mouth and looking at the chest, listening for air exchange, and feeling for a breath. Keep the airway open and initiate rescue breathing if there is no breathing. If a pulse is absent, commence chest compressions.

Resuscitation Techniques (Kappo)

Immediately release the victim and lay him or her flat so that blood may flow naturally back to the brain. Placing the victim on his or her side, with the head resting on the arm, will prevent vomit aspiration and facilitate breathing if necessary. Monitor the victim closely to make sure the airway is open and the victim is breathing. The opponent will generally regain consciousness spontaneously and be unharmed. If the athlete does not regain consciousness in 20 to 30 seconds and remains unresponsive to your efforts to revive him or her, medical assistance should be sought immediately.

The most important safety rule when applying a choking technique is to release pressure immediately when the opponent submits.

 When applying a choke one should be sensitive enough, and have sufficient control over the opponent, to recognize when he or she loses consciousness so that you can immediately release pressure. Loss of consciousness can be detected easily by the sudden lack of resistance and generally limp feeling of the opponent's body as well as the color of the face and the eyes closing. Sometimes if the choke is held too long convulsions may begin, but the effects of the choke should generally be recognized earlier with proper training and supervision.

Learning when to give up is an important part of training to avoid the risk of unnecessary periods of unconsciousness.

While judoka should not give up any opportunity to escape from a choke, they must also be trained to surrender in a timely fashion when necessary by recognizing when defeat is inevitable and when further resistance will result in unconsciousness. Once you allow yourself to be choked unconscious your life is literally in your opponent's hands, and the practice of any martial art requires that the student learn ways of avoiding this condition of ultimate helplessness. Since it is virtually impossible to speak while being choked, the universal signal for submission is tapping of the opponent or mat repeatedly.

Chokes may be practiced from either a standing position or on the ground but the ground is inherently safer.

When applying a standing choke with the intention of gaining the full effect you should recognize that the victim will not be able to remain standing. In tournament and practice the person being choked should always be immediately taken to the ground for better control and to prevent an accidental fall which could injure the athlete as they go unconscious.

Care should be taken when teaching chokes to children whose physiology is different and naturally less developed than adults.

 In most Judo tournaments in the INDIA chokes are not permitted for children under 17 years old and most Judo tournaments in the U A chokes are not permitted for children under 13 years old. Children approaching this age may be prepared by learning basic chokes with escapes and defenses, always under strict supervision. Feeling different chokes being applied in practice to you and learning when to submit is an important form of preparation for tournament and for learning how to choke others. At this very young age, and in fact for beginners of all ages, the emphasis should be on recognizing the effect of chokes and protecting yourself while always avoiding extreme pressure and unconsciousness in practice.

Choking techniques must be taught and supervised by a qualified instructor.

Since the Judo syllabus has always contained more well-developed choking techniques than any other martial art and they are practiced in real contest situations, Judo instructors usually have extensive experience in the proper application of chokes. Judo is well known for the "Judo choke", but many other martial arts are now teaching choke holds without the wealth of background and experience most Judo experts have. Chokes are potentially fatal and should be treated seriously. As taught in Judo though they are a temporary incapacitating technique of short duration whose proper execution should be quite harmless. Judo choking techniques have been used in Judo classes and at thousands of Judo tournaments all over the world for more than 100 years without one reported fatality. It is only with the appropriate emphasis on safety and supervision that this record can be maintained.

Explaining the techniques in detail is beyond the scope of this article but as a brief reference, some of the basic chokes of Kodokan Judo are

·         Nami juji jime or normal cross lock from the front with arms crossed grasping the collars with the thumb inside.

·         Gyaku juji jime or reverse cross lock from the front with the fingers inside.

·         Kata juji jime or half cross lock with one hand fingers-in and one hand thumb-in.

·         Hadaka jime or naked lock applied from the rear with the forearm across the throat.

·         Mae hadaka jime or front naked lock (sometimes called the guillotine).

·         Okuri eri jime or sliding collar lock applied from the rear with one hand reaching around the neck grasping the collar with the other hand reaching under the arm to the opposite collar.

·         Kataha jime or single wing lock from the rear with one hand around the neck to the collar but the other hand under the arm and behind the neck.

·         Katate jime or one hand choke from the front or side reach across the throat to the collar.

·         Ryote jime or two hand choke from the front grabbing the collars with the thumbs inside and turning your fists into the sides of the neck.

·         Sode guruma jime or sleeve wheel choke from the front reaching around the back of the neck with one hand and across the front with the other and grabbing your own sleeves.

·         Tsukkomi jime or thrust choke from the front grasping a lapel and pushing the fist directly into the side of the neck.

·         Jigoku jime (hell strangle) from the rear with one leg and one hand across the throat while the other leg and hand controls the opponent's arms.

·         Sankaku jime or triangle choke from the front using the legs in a figure-four position around the neck and arm.

All of these methods should be practiced and are useful for various situations. However the first choking method (strangulation) is stressed in Judo and is the most commonly taught in Judo classes around the world. Compression of the carotid arteries is desirable because it requires the least force, is the quickest acting of the choking techniques, is the most universally effective against all opponents, and it is most in keeping with the efficiency principle of Judo, "maximum effect with minimum effort." Medical tests have established that the amount of pressure needed to occlude the arteries is six times less than the pressure needed to collapse the airway. Directly stopping the blood supply to the brain also results in loss of consciousness about six times faster than indirectly reducing oxygen in the brain through restricting breathing or the flow of air to the lungs.

Carotid strangulations are also safer and involve less pain than the other choking methods making them easier to practice and to acquire sufficient skill to be confident in their use. Besides making them more effective, this makes them more compatible with another principle of Judo, "mutual welfare and benefit." A skillfully executed technique will give the Judo student the ability to produce unconsciousness or submission with little pain or forewarning to the person receiving the technique.

In Judo practice there are three basic ways of choking or strangling an opponent, as well as some combinations of the three:

1.     Compression of the carotid arteries on one or both sides of the neck restricting the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.

2.     Compression of the windpipe (trachea) stopping or reducing the flow of air to the lungs.

3.     Compression of the chest and lungs preventing the opponent from inhaling (often used during pinning techniques).

These methods are sometimes distinguished by different terms and may be referred to as choking, strangling, wringing, or neck locks. However they are grouped together as a class of grappling techniques called shime waza. Shime means constriction and waza means technique so this group of techniques are all those involving constriction. The english term "choking" in Judo technically refers to the constriction or blockage of the windpipe which prevents breathing, and "strangulation" technically means compression of the arteries to prevent blood from reaching the brain. However, in this article and in most Judo classes the term choking techniques is synonymous with all of the kinds of shimewaza.

Judo Chokes (shimewaza) -- choking

The practice of choking and strangulation techniques is a subtle art that requires more attention to detail than many other skills in Judo.  Most in fact imply that any pressure on the neck that makes the opponent give up is a good choke

           the general description of choking techniques in Kodokan Judo by Jigoro Kano is "you use your hands, arms, or legs on the opponent's collar or lapels to apply pressure to his neck or throat." This excellent comprehensive manual of Judo does not identify where on the neck the pressure is to be applied or the most important objective of these techniques, which is to subdue violent opponents with temporary unconsciousness.

Osae-komi-waza - Hold down techniques

 Osae-komi-waza   -   Hold down techniques is normally used in competitive judo or in sports judo. in sports judo its used to take down opponents on there back and hold them for 10 or more second. 10 second is concerned as yuko 15 second is concerned as waza-ari and 20 second is ippon. They are also is a technique in judo. There are as follow..                                 

Romanization	Translation
Osae-komi-waza	Hold down techniques
Kami-shihō-gatame	Upper four corner hold
Kata-gatame	Shoulder hold
Kesa-gatame	Scarf hold
Kuzure-kami-shihō-gatame	Modified upper four corner hold
Kuzure-kesa-gatame	Modified scarf hold
Tate-shihō-gatame	Straight four corner hold
Yoko-shihō-gatame	Side locking four corner hold

Yoko-sutemi-waza - Side sacrifice techniques

Yoko-sutemi-waza	Side sacrifice techniques
Yoko-otoshi	Side drop
Tani-otoshi	Valley drop
Hane-maki-komi	Spring wrap around throw
Soto-maki-komi	Outer wrap around throw
Uki-waza	Floating throw
Yoko-wakare	Side separation
Yoko-guruma	Side wheel
Yoko-gake	Side body drop
Daki-wakare	Rear trunk rollover
Uchi-maki-komi	Inner wrap-around
Kani-basami	prohibitedScissors throw
Ō-soto-maki-komi	Large outside wrap around throw
Uchi-mata-maki-komi	Inner thigh wrap around throw
Harai-maki-komi	Hip sweep wrap around throw
Kawazu-gake	prohibitedSingle leg entanglement